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Henry, Lord Bolingbroke (son of John of Gaunt) John of Gaunt had remained faithful, and if his lands were not safe, no one’s lands were.Most of the barons felt this was too much.The murder of Thomas, Duke of Gloucester (Richard II’s uncle) at Calais.įor two years, Richard ruled without Parliament, angering the politically powerful barons and merchants.īut when John of Gaunt died in 1399, Richard confiscated the lands of Gaunt’s heir, Henry, Lord Bolingbroke, and exiled him. In 1397, he ordered the arrest of the Lords Appellant, leaders of the opposition party. Marks the high point of parliamentary power and the low point of royal power in medieval England.Appointed a council to rule with the King.He was determined to rule through use of the royal prerogative, without requiring the consent of Parliament. Richard believed that only the absolute rule of a king could bring peace to England. The real leader of the opposition party was another of the king’s uncles, Thomas, Duke of Gloucester. Parliament demanded that Richard dismiss his royal favorites and rule only with the consent of Lords and Commons in Parliament. Richard was handsome, cultured, and sensitive-but totally lacking in political sense!ĭuring the first five years of his reign, from 1377 to 1382, a baronial council ruled England under the leadership of Richard’s uncle, John of Gaunt. Powerful nobles, including too many king’s uncles!Įdward III Edward, the Black Prince Lionel, Duke of Clarence John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster Edmund, Duke of York Thomas, Duke of Gloucester Richard II Richard had too many uncles!īetween 13 Richard began to give power, titles, and estates to his personal friends-to the dismay of his council of barons.When Edward III died in 1377, his heir was his 10 year-old grandson, Richard (son of Edward the Black Prince who had died a year earlier).
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